Eyewitness accounts and their role in a stalking case charged under California’s domestic violence laws

In California, an individual who commits a crime against his or her intimate partner will face the charge as a domestic violence crime. Intimate partners share an intimate relationship or were once involved in an intimate relationship and can be heterosexual or homosexual partners. Examples include persons who are married, divorced, dating, formerly dating, living together and persons who have children together. If an individual maliciously follows or harasses and threatens his or her intimate partner, placing that partner in fear, he or she will likely be charged with stalking as a domestic abuse crime.

Stalking is a crime that may frequently go unnoticed by anyone other than the victim. The “stalker” may keep a low profile, making it so that only his or her intimate partner even sees him or her. When this type of situation occurs, it may be difficult for an unbiased eyewitness to come forward, as he or she wouldn’t likely be aware that a crime was even taking place. If, however, either the suspect or the suspect’s intimate partner was with someone when an alleged incident occurred, that individual could be called as a witness if an intimate partner abuse stalking charge was actually filed. If the stalking occurred in a very blatant manner, there could possibly be unbiased witnesses who would voluntarily speak to the police about what they witnessed who would then likely be called by the prosecution in a stalking trial.

Eyewitnesses can sometimes help reveal the truth behind a charge. Domestic violence usually characterizes a highly emotional, volatile relationship where the partners will more than likely have two different versions of events when any type of incident occurs. Eyewitnesses to an incident can therefore be very helpful in sorting out the real story. It should be noted, however, that although an eyewitness is simply supposed to share what he or she witnessed in an unbiased manner, this isn’t always the case. Many witnesses will offer to testify in an effort to help a friend, in an effort to hurt someone they don’t like or out of a sheer willingness to feel like they’re doing something important, even if they really didn’t see much or any of an event take place. This is why it is so important for the accused to hire a criminal defense lawyer who is savvy enough to judge a witness’s credibility and who excels in examination and cross-examination so that he or she can elicit the story that best defends his or her client.

The experienced attorneys at the Kavinoky Law Firm know how to turn any eyewitness, even a witness who was presented by the prosecution, into a witness who will ultimately help the defense. They have successfully defended countless individuals charged with stalking as an intimate partner violence crime because of their excellent witness preparation and examination skills. The aggressive attorneys will vigorously cross-examine a prosecution’s eyewitness, pointing out all of the discrepancies in his or her testimony to the judge and jury and will reveal why that that particular witness can’t be trusted. The hard-working Kavinoky attorneys will also take the time to thoroughly prepare any defense witnesses so that they understand what to expect once they take the stand and are comfortable answering questions from the attorneys representing both sides.

Eyewitness accounts in a D.V. stalking trial can help or hurt either side, depending on the strength of each attorney’s examination skills. The consequences of a DV stalking conviction are too severe to trust to an inexperienced attorney. The unparalleled attorneys at the Kavinoky Law Firm receive ongoing training in witness examination and cross-examination which has lead to their outstanding reputation. Keeping the jury in mind, they understand that sometimes a witness will require kid gloves and that sometimes a witness should be aggressively attacked. They are in it to win! If charged with stalking as a domestic abuse crime, please click here for a free consultation.

 

California’s domestic violence laws apply to all crimes that are committed against one’s child, one’s parent or one’s intimate partner. Intimate partners are people who are or were involved romantically and include spouses, former spouses, significant others, former significant others, people who live together or who used to live together and people who have children together. Although many different crimes can be charged as crimes of domestic violence, domestic violence will usually involve some type of emotional abuse.

Emotional abuse, also commonly referred to as psychological or verbal abuse, is a type of domestic abuse that, studies suggest, is even more harmful than physical abuse. It is thought to be widely underreported, because it is difficult to identify and/or prove, and because it is usually intertwined with other types of abuse.

Emotional abuse is perhaps so damaging because it can ultimately make a victim completely lose his or her self-esteem and believe that he or she is stupid, worthless and deserves the abuse. It takes place when an individual intimidates, threatens and/or harasses his or her intimate partner or other family member in an effort to gain control over that person. Some common forms of psychological abuse include shaming, mocking or criticizing another person, isolating that person from other people, destroying another’s personal property or pets in an effort to invoke fear in that person, blaming another for one’s own violent actions and issuing “blackmail-type threats” where an individual threatens to harm or kill him or herself, the intimate partner or their child/children. When a victim reacts to this type of verbal abuse, often with tears or apologies, the perpetrator will often further mock or ridicule the partner or other family member, which sends more messages to the victim that he or she is, in fact, useless.

As difficult as it may be to understand, many victims of emotional intimate partner abuse do not leave their partners. They have been conditioned to believe that they are in a hopeless situation, not worthy of another’s love and perhaps “too stupid” to make it on their own. The abuser makes his or her partner feel like that partner needs the abuser to survive and, in the honeymoon phase (one of the phases in the cycle of abuse), the perpetrator makes his or her partner believe that he or she is the one who can’t live without the abused partner. An emotional abuse victim who doesn’t leave his or her abuser may also suffer from a psychological condition known as “battered person’s syndrome” which serves as an explanation for why he or she suffers and doesn’t flee a destructive relationship. While battered person’s syndrome and the cycle of abuse primarily pertain to intimate partner relationships, emotional abuse will be defined as child abuse when directed at one’s child and can also be a type of elder abuse as well.

People who are repeatedly exposed to emotional abuse, regardless of whether they are adults or children will exhibit certain common symptoms or behaviors as a result. Emotional domestic abuse victims will usually suffer from extremely low self-esteem, may have difficulty trusting others or forming relationships with others, are fearful, anxious and depressed and may develop serious health problems. Children who are the victims of their parent’s emotional abuse will suffer from the above listed symptoms and will likely suffer a host of additional emotional, behavioral, developmental and academic problems. Studies reveal that emotionally abused children often either attempt suicide or commit suicide due to their feelings of worthlessness.

If any of this information sounds familiar, help is available. The experienced domestic violence attorneys at The Kavinoky Law Firm can counsel a victim of emotional abuse as to what his or her legal options are and will help an individual charged with an intimate partner abuse crime by providing the most comprehensive defense possible. Contact the criminal defense lawyers at The Kavinoky Firm today for a consultation.

In an intimate partner abuse case, there are several evidentiary issues that frequently arise. Because the consequences of a domestic violence conviction are so severe, it is imperative that the defendant hires a criminal defense lawyer who keeps current with the latest applicable case law and cutting-edge trial strategies. The attorneys at The Kavinoky Law Firm have experience dealing with every aspect of a California domestic abuse case and receive ongoing training to make sure that they maintain their reputation for excellence. They not only know the intricacies behind each and every evidentiary issue that may arise, but they know how to successfully use each to their client’s advantage.

Domestic battery, which is also referred to as “spousal abuse” or “spousal battery,” is a domestic violence offense in California that applies to any intimate partners. The phrase “intimate partners” includes heterosexual and homosexual couples, individuals who are married, divorced, living together, or have children in common, or even dating or formerly dated.

A battery charge can result any time an individual willfully and unlawfully uses force or violence upon an intimate partner. This offense is typically charged as a misdemeanor and carries a maximum of a one-year jail sentence and a $2,000 fine. This charge can be brought against a defendant who used the slightest force. Any unwanted physical contact can result in a battery charge. However, if the accuser suffers a serious injury, the battery will rise to a felony, which carries a maximum of four years in state prison.

The following are some of the issues that are likely to arise in a domestic battery case:

• Battered Person’s Syndrome (more commonly called battered women’s syndrome) is a psychological condition that is used to describe someone who has been consistently and/or severely victimized by his or her partner. Although it usually refers to a woman, battered person’s syndrome can apply to a woman or a man involved in a heterosexual or homosexual relationship.
• Physical evidence can be a huge issue in a battery case. Because this crime doesn’t require that the victim actually suffer an injury, a battery can be charged with no physical proof of the force or violence. Photographs or medical records showing actual injury are therefore helpful to the prosecution if and when they exist. A skilled defense attorney knows the appropriate arguments to make to try to exclude such evidence.
• DNA evidence is playing a larger role than ever before in intimate partner violence cases throughout the country, both to convict the guilty and to exonerate those wrongly accused or convicted.
• Recanting victims are very common in domestic abuse cases. There are a number of reasons that a victim “recants” (takes back his or her story) during a trial. Because this is so common, the prosecution usually expects that a victim will recant and knows exactly how to proceed under this type of situation. A genuine recanting victim can be extremely harmful to the defendant if not first guided by an experienced attorney.
• Eyewitness accounts can make or break a case. Either side can subpoena witnesses who were present during the charged incident. A skilled defense attorney will work with defense witnesses to make sure that they tell their version of the events in the light most favorable to the defendant. A good attorney also knows how to effectively cross-examine prosecution witnesses to highlight discrepancies in their accounts.

The prosecution frequently tries to introduce hearsay and 911 calls into the record. Unlike most criminal cases, hearsay and 911 calls are sometimes allowed into evidence in domestic violence cases. This is another reason why it is so important to have an attorney who is experienced in California domestic abuse law, as he or she knows how to effectively argue against their admission.

Domestic violence law is technical and complex, which is why it is critical to hire an attorney who is qualified, skilled and experienced in this area. Contact the unparalleled attorneys at The Kavinoky Law Firm for a free consultation.

Domestic battery, sometimes referred to as “spousal abuse” or “spousal battery,” is a domestic violence offense that applies to intimate partners in California. The term intimate partners includes individuals who are heterosexual or homosexual, married, divorced, living together, or who have children in common, or who are dating or were formerly dating.

Domestic battery is known as a “wobbler” under California law, meaning that it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony depending on the severity of the individual case. Many battery cases are charged as misdemeanors, which carry a maximum of a one-year jail sentence and a $2,000 fine. This charge can be brought against a defendant even if he or she used the slightest force or any unwelcome physical touching. If serious bodily injury results (for example, broken bones, loss of consciousness or a concussion), the battery will likely be charged as a felony which carries a maximum of four years in state prison.

Because there is no requirement that there actually has to be any injury in a battery case, physical evidence carries a lot of weight. Physical evidence is any evidence that is either visible (like a bruise), scientific (like DNA), or tangible (like medical records) that helps prove or disprove a theory. Since many cases of intimate partner abuse have no witnesses, they are often cases of “he said, she said” unless there is some physical evidence of the abuse. Common types of physical evidence in a domestic battery case include scratches, bruises, burns, cuts or scrapes, hair removal, bite marks, broken bones, ripped clothing and damage to personal property.

When such evidence exists, particularly with respect to bodily injury, and can be verified by someone with experience in dealing with these types of injuries, it is much easier for a prosecutor to get a conviction from the jury. However, even with physical evidence, a crafty attorney will try to either refute or downplay its significance. The skilled criminal defense lawyers from The Kavinoky Law Firm aggressively defend their clients and know which arguments to make to try to exclude damaging evidence and which arguments to make to ensure that favorable evidence is both admitted and highlighted for all to see and hear.

Even when physical evidence is admitted into a battery trial, a knowledgeable criminal defense attorney will make sure that it is carefully examined and, if possible, discredited. The attorneys at The Kavinoky Law Firm work closely with private investigators and expert witnesses to help cover all the bases. The private investigator will take photos of the scene as well as any injuries that were sustained in the dispute. The investigator will interview everyone involved in the incident, including any witnesses who were either present or who have intimate knowledge about the violent history (if any) of the parties involved. The expert witness knows how to analyze injuries to determine if they really could have been caused in both the manner and timeframe alleged. The attorney then takes the information that he or she receives from the investigator and expert and carefully tailors the most effective defense strategy possible.

Facing a domestic battery charge is no joke. The consequences are severe and possibly even life-altering. If facing this charge, it is critical to hire an attorney who is experienced in this complex and technical area of the law. The attorneys at The Kavinoky Law Firm are familiar with every aspect of a California domestic abuse case and have successfully defended countless individuals, treating each with compassion and respect. They are kept up-to-date on domestic battery evidentiary issues and cutting-edge trial strategies, which has led to their impeccable reputation. Click here for a free consultation and for the best representation.

Recanting Victims in Domestic Violence Cases

California’s domestic violence laws apply to any intimate partners. Intimate partners are people who are married, divorced, living together, have children in common, and who are or used to be dating. The partners may be heterosexual or homosexual. It is the very nature of these types of intimate relationships that cause such highly charged, emotional disputes that are often blown out of proportion. An experienced lawyer is the key to making sure that the judge and jury not only hear that that was the case, but believe it as well.

In California, once the police are called to investigate an intimate partner abuse situation, it is more than likely that someone will go to jail and be charged with a crime. Without much exception, it is usually the person who called the police that will be labeled the “victim” and the partner who will be labeled the “abuser”, “perpetrator”, or “batterer”. It is the “victim” who gets the ball rolling on the criminal charge, but it is the police, prosecuting agency and judge who take it from there. This means that even if the “victim” wants to later tell the police, prosecutor or judge that he or she was mistaken or lying about the events or that he or she just simply doesn’t desire to press charges, it will not matter, as the case will be filed and prosecuted regardless. If the “victim” does make the decision that he or she doesn’t want to move forward with the case, it is imperative to contact a skilled criminal defense lawyer from The Kavinoky Law Firm to avoid the surprisingly devastating effect this can have on the defendant.

If the “victim” chooses of his or her own free will (meaning that the defendant hasn’t threatened or intimidated the partner, which is another crime in and of itself) that calling the police was a mistake for any reason, it is best for both partners to speak with an attorney who will help decide the best course of action. Many times the victim thinks that “recanting” (which means to take back or deny) the original story or not cooperating with the police or prosecution will help the defendant. Unfortunately, that is incorrect. In fact, the prosecution usually expects that a victim will recant and knows exactly how to proceed under this type of situation. A genuine recanting victim can be extremely harmful to the defendant if not first guided by an attorney.

A partner in a domestic abuse case can’t choose to remain silent if called to testify. The “right to remain silent” doesn’t apply in this situation, as it only applies to self-incrimination. Additionally, if the partner either doesn’t show up to court or simply refuses to actually speak when questioned, that leaves the individual open to being personally charged with other crimes. The absence of the victim’s testimony allows the prosecutor to introduce a recording of the actual call to the police as well as any statements made to the police during the initial investigation. Since these statements were made in the heat of the moment and possibly out of revenge or stemming from some other motive, these statements can be devastating to the defense. In addition, when the partner recants, the prosecutor will likely bring in an expert witness to testify that he or she is recanting because he or she has either been threatened by the “abuser” into doing so or that he or she is afraid of what further abuse might take place if he or she doesn’t recant. The expert will further explain that recanting is part of the “cycle of abuse.”

A highly qualified defense attorney from The Kavinoky Law Firm can help both parties navigate through the system with knowledge, compassion and discretion. The attorney will help develop the most effective defense strategy to put an end to a terrible situation that may simply have spiraled out of control. Click here for a free consultation.

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The Possible Consequences of Domestic Violence in California

Domestic violence is a “wobbler” crime in California, and it can be charged and prosecuted either as a misdemeanor or a felony. A Sacramento criminal attorney can explain the likely consequences of a particular domestic violence charge best, because this requires an understanding of how the local and state statutes and penal codes determine the gravity of the offense and appropriate punishment.

In general, California law establishes the baseline consequences for a domestic violence conviction. If convicted for a misdemeanor, the potential sentence includes minimum of a 52-week domestic violence course with behavior counseling, 40 hours of community service, a “No Contact Order” with the victim, and several different fines. Many times the prosecutor will not try to get the maximum fine and many judges will not opt for more than a month of jail time, though a maximum of a year is possible. In many cases, alternate sentences that increase the financial cost but eliminate jail time in favor of a work program are possible.

A felony conviction entails a similar domestic violence program, more community service, the same no contact order, significantly higher fines, and a minimum jail sentence of three months. Depending on the severity, this can take the form of a year or more in prison, or something less serious such as supervised probation. In either case, local statutes leave a wide range of sentences for the prosecution and the judge to choose from depending on all the related factors.

No matter what your circumstance, whether you are a victim of domestic violence or have been charged with the crime, you need a Sacramento criminal attorney immediately. The right attorney can help protect you, help you get the counseling or therapy you need, and see that local and California laws are executed fairly for the sake of the victim and the accused .The end goal is the appropriate sentence so that both people can lead better, safer lives.

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If you have been the victim domestic violence and want to press charges against your abuser but are afraid to do so, the first step you need to take is to reach out to a Los Angeles domestic violence attorney. Surprisingly, a Los Angeles criminal defense lawyer with domestic violence experience can often offer very sound advice as to your first steps depending on your circumstances. They will almost always include finding a way to make yourself safe from your abuser such as moving out.

You need to understand a few things about domestic violence. If you have been a victim, pressing charges may be emotionally and practically difficult, especially if the abuser is your spouse or the parent of your child. He or she may threaten you or attempt to prevent you from informing the police or testifying, which is illegal but can be quite coercive. And if the only evidence of the abuse is your word, the abuser’s defense lawyer will almost certainly attack your character in court, so you need to prepare to defend yourself despite your stressed emotional state. Once you have contacted a lawyer to begin preparing your legal charges, and moved out or done what you need to make yourself safe from the abuser, you should also call the police.

In dire circumstances, this should actually be your first step as the police should come and arrest the accused abuser and get him or her out of the house. They can also collect immediate evidence of the abuse at this point, or direct you to a police medical examiner to look for physical or emotional signs of abuse. This is important because this evidence will service as the primary foundation for your case and will make it more difficult for a Los Angeles criminal defense lawyer to weaken the case by assaulting your character. You will have to tell the police you want to press charges, and it can be difficult to persevere when put on the spot about having your partner tried for abuse. But in the end, nobody should live in fear of abuse, least of all children, so you will find you are doing the right thing to seek legal help and press domestic abuse charges.

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Domestic violence cases will be more difficult to prosecute following a U.S. Supreme Court decision that will make it harder for prosecutors to use out-of-court statements as evidence against defendants.

The court ruled that allowing a murder victim’s earlier reports to police to be admitted as evidence denies the suspect’s right to confront his accuser unless the killing was committed to silence the accuser.

The court ruled 6-3 to overturn the murder conviction of a Los Angeles man who shot and killed his girlfriend. The man claimed the killing was done in self-defense but was convicted after a police officer testified that the woman had reported that the man threatened her life.

Until 2004, prosecutors could introduce statements made by victims who were unable or unwilling to testify, including statements made to police.  Police can now testify about what they witnessed, but cannot repeat statements made by the victim unless prosecutors can prove that the victim was killed in order to silence him/her.

However, proving that a killing occurred to silence the victim is extremely difficult. The court’s ruling will also impact domestic violence cases where the victim is available to testify but unwilling to do so.

To learn more about prosecution and defenses to California domestic violence cases, contact a skilled defense lawyer from The Kavinoky Law Firm today for a free consultation